Prior to Brexit, UK agricultural policy was largely determined by the EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).
The CAP was frequently criticized by British politicians as a dysfunctional policy that absorbed an excessive share
of the EU budget and encouraged environmentally damaging intensive agriculture. The CAP underwent periodic
reforms during the UK's EU membership, moving in the direction advocated by the UK, such as reducing the budget
share and introducing some "greening" of the policy. However, the main policy elements remained in place.
 
   After the 2016 Brexit referendum, the UK government committed to maintaining the same level of farm support
funding until the end of the parliamentary term, which was expected to be 2022. In 2018, the UK government
published the "Health and Harmony" white paper, setting out its vision for a new post-Brexit agricultural policy in England.
 
   From 2019 onwards, the UK government began testing and trialing new environmental land management schemes
to replace the CAP, such as the Sustainable Farming Incentive and Local Nature Recovery schemes.
In 2020, the UK left the EU and the CAP, leading to changes in agricultural production and trade policy. The UK
government published more details on the Sustainable Farming Incentive and began phasing out direct payments to
farmers. The government also introduced new schemes, such as the Farming Investment Fund and Future Farming
Resilience Fund, to support productivity and resilience in the sector. However, the full details of the UK's post-Brexit
agricultural policy have not yet been finalized, and there remains significant uncertainty about the future direction
of the sector.

   On the 25th of March 2024, a convoy of more than 100 tractors gather in London and drive around Windsor. 
By taking their message to the streets and staging high-profile events like the tractor convoy in London, farmers
sought to draw public attention to their plight and urge policymakers to address their concerns before the
upcoming elections. The protests and demonstrations reflected the growing discontent among European farmers
who were struggling with a combination of economic and regulatory challenges. The low prices they were receiving
for their products, coupled with the prospect of stricter environmental measures, had created a sense of uncertainty
and frustration within the farming community. This coordinated effort across multiple European countries
underscores the widespread nature of the issues facing the agricultural sector and the determination of farmers to
have their voices heard.